Prevention Starts With All of Us!

Within the public health approach to prevention, there are three main types of intervention strategies where the focus in each is on reducing risk factors and strengthening protective factors that bolster health and well-being. The big picture, prevention is not one size fits all nor is it one and done. Prevention happens along a spectrum from stopping disease before it starts to catching it early, to managing its impact once it has begun. The spectrum includes: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary prevention.

Primary prevention has a universal target with a broad reach, designed to prevent or delay substance use within a broad group of individuals before substance use begins. Promotion is proactive and holistic and includes building protective factors, providing judgement-free substance use education, early support and health promotion. It is often the most cost effective.

Secondary prevention has a selective target with a smaller reach of specific groups of individuals identified as having higher than average risk of engaging in substance use. Promotion includes screenings for early detection and prompt interventions to reduce further use, prevent progression of high risk use and  complications.

Tertiary prevention is the most specialized form of prevention for individuals who exhibit significant risk factors and signs of substance use occurrence. Interventions are specific to the individual and focus on recovery and reduction of harm and complications and should involve professional trained clinicians and counselors. Promotion includes reflection around substance use, harm reduction strategies, responsible and informed use, resources and treatment as needed.