The Growth of Synthetic Substances and Polysubstance Use

The Rise of Synthetic Substances

Fentanyl, a synthetic opioid legally manufactured and approved for medical use, has potent variants like carfentanil that are produced for non-legalized use. These substances have become a primary cause of increasing overdose rates.

Polysubstance Use

Polysubstance use involves the simultaneous use of multiple substances, whether legal or illegal, and can occur intentionally or unintentionally. For example, alcohol might be used in combination with an opioid like fentanyl. Another example is Xylazine, a veterinary sedative and pain reliever, being used with fentanyl. The development of synthetic substances in the drug supply and the rise of polysubstance use are likely to continue.

The Dangers

Health Risks

Synthetically combined substances can be extremely dangerous, containing unknown mixtures of many drugs, which can lead to non-fatal and fatal overdoses. These combinations can also expose individuals to severe secondary impacts such as infections, wounds, low blood pressure, slowed heart rate, and respiratory failure.

Tracking and Responding to Changes

The types and methods of use of these substances vary by region and over time, making them difficult to track. The introduction of new synthetic substances challenges researchers, scientists, and public health officials to quickly recognize and respond to shifts in the unregulated market. Effective communication of these changes to the public, people who use drugs, and behavioral health professionals is crucial to reducing deaths and other health complications. Staying informed and combating misinformation are essential to mitigating harm and enhancing community support.

What to Do in an Overdose Situation

Administering Naloxone

In cases of overdose involving polysubstances, naloxone may not reverse the effects of non-opioid drugs. However, naloxone is safe and should still be administered along with rescue breathing if an overdose is suspected. This action could save a life.

Community Involvement

Community leaders should collaborate with people who use drugs to spread awareness and education as part of a broader public health strategy.

Staying Safe

Precautionary Measures

If you use drugs, ensure you have immediate access to naloxone. Avoid using drugs alone, and use drug checking test strips to detect dangerous substances. Some synthetic drugs and polysubstances can cause prolonged sedation, increasing vulnerability to physical and sexual assault, theft, and robbery. Treatment and recovery are available and viable options for those who choose them.

Other Resources

• Overdose Prevention Services: Call the toll-free national overdose prevention services at 877-696-1996. More information is available here.
• Substance Use Trends: Learn more about substance use trends at the National Drug Early Warning System (NDEWS) here.

By staying informed, prepared, and connected, we can mitigate the risks associated with the evolving drug supply and polysubstance use.